Level 1 of the Within part is the latent variable measurement model part and level 2 of the Within part is the structural part. The fact that level 1 and level 2 are both considered in the Within part of the latent variable model is due to viewing the level 1 across-time variation as a multivariate observation vector rather than as a univariate repeated observation. In this way, the 3-level HLM model is turned into a 2-level latent variable model. The "Between" part describes across-school variation and corresponds to level 3 of HLM. the part describing variation across students. In the latent variable context, level 1 and level 2 are combined into the "Within" part of the model, i.e. The 3-level HLM formulation describes across-time variation at level 1 involving random intercept and slope coefficients, level 2 studies the across-student variation of those coefficients, while level 3 studies their across-school variation. ![]() Here are some answers.Īctually, these analyses are one and the same. Mplus Discussion > 3-level analysis by HLM and Mplus Mplus HomeĪ frequent question is how 3-level modeling of growth of students within schools compares to HLM-type analysis.
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